PCOS, the most common cause of infertility, to now be called PMOS

A disorder that affects 170 million women worldwide and is the leading cause of ​infertility, known as polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS, is being ‌renamed to improve diagnosis and care, researchers announced on ​Tuesday (May 12, 2026) at a medical meeting.

The new name, polyendocrine ⁠metabolic ovarian syndrome, or PMOS, was chosen by a global coalition of patients, clinicians and medical organisations to better reflect the ‌condition’s wide-ranging hormonal and metabolic impacts, according to a report in The Lancet published to coincide with ‌a presentation at the European Congress of Endocrinology in ‌Prague.

The ⁠name polycystic ovary syndrome often leads women ⁠and their clinicians to mistakenly associate it with ovarian cysts, which are not necessarily present in every patient, Dr. Terhi Piltonen of the University ​of Oulu in Finland ‌wrote in a research letter published on Monday (May 11, 2026) in JAMA Internal Medicine. Dr. Piltonen was also lead author of the Lancet paper.

Aims to improve detection, treatment

The focus on ovarian cysts has led to ‌delays in diagnoses and fragmented care, while the ​new name aims to improve how the condition is detected, treated and explained, the researchers said.

The consensus ⁠to rename the condition, led by several research groups and the Androgen Excess and PCOS Society, was based on more ‌than 14,000 survey responses from patients and health professionals worldwide, as well as two international workshops and input from 56 academic, clinical, and patient organizations, researchers said.

Symptoms of PMOS include irregular or absent menstrual cycles, infertility, pregnancy complications, excess hair growth, acne, anxiety and depression, weight gain, ‌obesity, diabetes and other disturbances in insulin, and cardiovascular disease.

In the ovaries, rather ​than cysts, women often have an excess of so-called antral follicles — small, fluid-filled sacs containing immature ⁠eggs.

While the condition is not curable, symptoms are treatable with medications ⁠and changes in diet and exercise, according to the Endocrine Society.

Plans to transition to the new ‌terminology over the next three years are already in motion, including integrating PMOS into health systems, clinical guidelines, ​professional training, and disease classification, the researchers said.